Trinidad was part of the South American mainland many times in the past (perhaps as recently as 500AD), and it was the first stop for the Caribbean’s “first people” as they migrated northwards from South America, bringing with them plants, seeds and animals.

So the island’s natural life is a rich mixture of continental and island forms. This gives Trinidad a special attraction for naturalists. Rainforest, 3,000-foot mountains, plains, swamp, mangrove, contrasting coastlines, and a large range of species are packed into a small area.

Huge turtles nest on the beaches, nocturnal fruit-eating bats colonise the caves, spectacular scarlet ibis roost in the swamp, and around 400 different birds live in Trinidad or stop here on their migrations.

In the forest are ocelots, tayra (wild dogs), red brocket deer, quenk (wild pigs), and silky anteaters. The endangered West Indian manatee survives in the Nariva Swamp. The pawi (piping guan) is an endemic bird that looks a bit like a wild turkey. There are more than 600 different butterflies, a mysterious “luminous lizard”, and a golden tree frog living on mountain peaks.

Many of the most important eco-sites are easily accessible; others need some forward planning because permits are required to enter protected areas. 

A hiker's advice

If you are going hiking in the Northern Range, though, you should always go with an experienced guide. Falling trees, landslides, a forest fire or a bit of rainfall can change a trail dramatically: just because you hiked to Matelot in one day last year doesn’t mean you can do the same thing this year on the same trail. Don’t go exploring on your own.

Even if you are going out for one day, take a little knapsack with a change of clothes, socks and something to eat, stored in a waterproof bag. There are lots of freshwater streams you can drink from along most Northern Range trails, or you can take your own supply. Comfortable shoes and insect repellent are essential. The Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists’ Club Field Guide is an essential companion. It covers 52 trails, with maps, and information about local conditions and the difficulty and time required for each trail.

Some more tips:

• Permits are needed for some locations but any reputable guide or tour operator will arrange these
• Don’t attempt a long hike without a reputable, certified guide: it’s easy to get lost or have an accident
• Snake bites and scorpion stings are rare; the biggest natural danger is the Portuguese Man-o’-War (vinegar is good if you get stung), and the sap and fruit of the manchineel tree (most common on beaches). Seek local advice on whether these are present
• Wear long trousers for lengthy bush treks and never wear open-toed sandals. Comfortable shoes with good grip are recommended
• Avoid wearing black: it attracts mosquitoes and if you’re in the open, soaks up the heat
• Only hire Trinidad & Tobago Incoming Tour Operators’ Association (TTITOA) registered guides. They are professionally trained and have public liability insurance. W: www.ttitoa.com